Sample Question

Sample Question 5312 Fall 2009 Student:___________________________________________________________________ 1. Corporate governance include concerns about: A. business ethics and social responsibility. B. the responsibilities of the board of directors. C. equitable treatment of stakeholders. D. disclosures and transparency. E. all of the above. 2. The most powerful corporate governance legislation to date has been: A. the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002. B. the creation of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants. C. Corporate Ethics Code of 2005. D. the regulation of inventory management practices by the SEC. . The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) of 2002 does not specifically prohibit an independent auditor from performing the following non-audit function(s) for an audit client: A. financial information systems design and implementation. B. internal audit outsourcing services. C. tax services. D. â€Å"expert† services. E. SOX specifically prohibits an independent audi tor from performing all of all of the non-audit services for an audit client. 4. Which is the following descriptions is not one of the â€Å"Seven Financial Shenanigans† identified by Howard Schilit and listed in Exhibit 10-1: A. ecording revenue too soon or that is of a questionable quality. B. boosting income with one-time gains. C. failing to record intangible assets which the company has ownership rights to. D. shifting future expenses to the current period as a special charge. E. failing to record or improperly reducing liabilities. 5. The explanatory notes to the financial statements: A. should be referred to if more than a cursory, and perhaps misleading impression of a firm's financial position and its results of operations is to be achieved. B. are not an integral part of the financial statements. C. nclude a great deal of detailed information that is potentially useful only to a financial analyst making a detailed appraisal of the future prospects of the entity. D. are used by many entities to hide information from the reader of the financial statements by including in the explanatory notes information that should be shown in detail on the financial statements themselves. 6. The nature and content of disclosures relate to all of the following except: A. accounting changes. B. segment information. C. fair market value. D. contingencies and commitments. E. events subsequent to the balance sheet date. . Which of the following is nota topic that is likely to be discussed as a significant accounting policy? A. Depreciation method. B. Earnings per share of common stock calculation details. C. Inventory valuation method. D. Method of estimating uncollectible accounts receivable. 8. The explanatory notes to the financial statements: A. are not an integral part of the financial statements. B. explain the significant accounting policies of the company. C. usually disclose the amount of the company's bad debts expense. D. describe management's product de velopment plans for the coming year. 9.Significant accounting policies are described in the explanatory notes to the financial statements because: A. there isn't enough space for them to be included in the captions of the financial statements. B. if the accrual basis of accounting is used, â€Å"matching† of revenues and expenses may not take place. C. the reader must be aware of which of the alternative generally accepted accounting practices have been used. D. none of the above. 10. When an entity changes its accounting from one generally accepted method to another generally accepted method: A. financial statements of all prior years are changed to maintain comparability. B. n explanatory note stating that the change was approved by the Financial Accounting Standards Board is required. C. the dollar effect of the change on both the balance sheet and income statement must be disclosed. D. changes like this are not permitted. 11. The impact of changing price levels on amounts reported in financial statements is: A. reported as a separate item on the balance sheet. B. accomplished by reporting assets at their replacement cost. C. required to be described in the explanatory notes to the financial statements. D. encouraged, but not required to be described in the explanatory notes to the financial statements. 2. Management's statement of responsibility: A. explains that the entity's financial statements are the responsibility of the entity's auditors. B. states that the financial statements are free of significant error. C. affirms that management is responsible for assuring adherence to internal control policies and procedures. D. guarantees that the firm has operated in a highly ethical manner. 13. Firms that issue registered securities are required to file, with the SEC on an annual basis, which of the following? A. An annual report. B. A prospectus. C. A form 10-K. D. A set of financial statements. E.All of the above. 14. A firm's cash dividends were $ 3. 96 per share of common stock for calendar 2006. In 2007 the stock was split 3 for 1, and in 2008 a 10% stock dividend was issued. Dividends per share for 2006, to be reported in the firm's annual report for 2008, are: A. $3. 96 B. $1. 45 C. $1. 32 D. $1. 20 15. Business segment information is included in the explanatory notes to financial statements because: A. the amounts shown on the financial statements of most companies are just too large to comprehend. B. current and potential investors can make more informed judgments about the company. C. et income from various geographic areas can be clearly determined. D. by combining these amounts for each segment, ROI and funds flows for the company as a whole can be determined. 16. For 2006, Skresso Co. reported $3. 64 of earnings per share of common stock. During 2007 the firm had a 4% common stock dividend. 2006 earnings per share to be reported in the annual report for 2007 are: A. $3. 79 B. $3. 64 C. $3. 50 D. $3. 49 17. Managemen t's statement of responsibility: A. usually refers to the company's system of internal controls. B. emphasizes that the auditors are responsible for the financial statements. C. ncludes a disclaimer of responsibility for the level of the P/E ratio of the company's common stock. D. gives the president of the company an opportunity to explain why profits changed. 18. Which of the following is the proper paragraph sequence for an independent Auditor's Report? A. Scope, introduction, opinion. B. Introduction, scope, opinion. C. Opinion, scope, summary. D. Introduction, opinion, scope. 19. A firm's independent auditors have the responsibility to: A. assess the firm's accounting policies. B. ascertain the firm's profit potential. C. uncover all fraudulent activities. D. assess management's discussion and analysis. 0. The independent auditors' report usually: A. presents a â€Å"clean bill of health† for the company. B. refers to the quality of the company's products or services. C. includes an opinion that the financial statements are correct. D. includes an opinion that the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, financial information about the company. 21. An audit conducted in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards includes each of the following except: A. examination, on a test basis, of evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. B. valuation of the efficiency and effectiveness of management. C. assessment of the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management. D. planning and performance of the audit to obtain reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free of material misstatements. 22. Which one of the following methods is no longer a Generally Accepted Accounting Method? A. Purchase accounting. B. Fair market value method. C. Pooling method. D. None of the Above. 23. Which of the following require an explanatory note in the independent auditors' report. A. basing the opinion on the work of another auditor.B. Uncertainties about the outcome of a significant event that would have affected the presentation of the financial statement. C. Substantial doubt about the entity's viability to continue as a going concern. D. None of the above. E. Items a, b and c are correct. 24. A management that wanted to increase the financial leverage of its firm would: A. raise additional capital by selling common stock. B. use excess cash to purchase preferred stock for the treasury. C. raise additional capital by selling fixed interest rate long-term bonds. D. try to increase its ROI by increasing asset turnover. 25.For the fiscal year ended March 31, 2007, a company reported earnings per share of $3. 25 and cash dividends per share of $0. 50. During fiscal 2008, the company had a 3 for 2 stock split. In the annual report for the fiscal year ended March 31, 2008, earnings per share and cash dividends for fiscal 2007 would be reported, respecti vely, as: A. $3. 25 and $0. 50 B. $4. 85 and $0. 75 C. $2. 17 and $0. 33 D. $1. 09 and $0. 17 26. Financial leverage: A. arises because most borrowed funds have a fixed interest rate. B. arises because most borrowed funds have a variable interest rate. C. usually has no bearing on the risk associated with a company.D. is a concept that does not apply to individuals. 27. A potential creditor's judgment about granting credit would be most influenced by the potential customer's: A. current ratio at the end of the prior fiscal year. B. most recent acid-test ratio. C. trend of acid-test ratio over the past three years. D. practice with respect to taking cash discounts offered by current suppliers. 28. Another term for the price/earnings ratio is: A. cost ratio. B. sales multiple. C. earnings multiple. D. profit ratio. 29. An entity's current ratio will be influenced by: A. the inventory cost flow assumption used. B. riting off an overdue account receivable against the allowance for uncol lectible accounts. C. the depreciation method used. D. issuance of a stock dividend. 30. If a firm's debt ratio were 25%, its debt/equity ratio would be: A. 25%. B. 50%. C. 33. 33%. D. 75%. 31. An individual interested in making a judgment about the profitability of a company should: A. review the trend of working capital for several years. B. calculate the company's ROI for the most recent year. C. review the trend of the company's ROI for several years. D. compare the company's ROI for the most recent year with the industry average ROI for the most recent year. 2. Which of the following is not a category of financial statement ratios? A. Financial leverage. B. Liquidity. C. Profitability. D. Prospectus. 33. When a firm has financial leverage: A. ROI will be greater than ROE. B. ROI will usually be less than it would be without leverage. C. risk is greater than if there isn't any leverage. D. the firm will always have a higher ROE than it would without leverage. 34. When a corporat ion has both common stock and preferred stock outstanding: A. dividends on preferred stock are paid only if the company has current earnings. B. ividends on preferred stock must be paid before dividends on common stock can be paid. C. preferred stockholders receive the same dividend per share as common stockholders. D. dividends on preferred stock are paid only if dividends are to be paid on the common stock. 35. A leverage buyout refers to: A. one firm issues stock to take over another firm. B. one firm trades its stock for the stock of another firm. C. a firm goes heavily into debt in order to obtain the funds to purchase the shares of the public stockholders. D. one firm pays cash for the shares of a takeover firm's shares. 36.The dividend payout ratio describes: A. the proportion of earnings paid as dividends. B. the relationship of dividends per share to market price per share. C. the percentage change in dividends this year compared to last year. D. dividends as a percentage o f the price/earnings ratio. 37. The price/earnings ratio: A. is a measure of the relative expensiveness of a firm's common stock. B. does not usually change by more than 1. 0 (e. g. 8. 2 to 9. 2) during the year. C. can be used to determine the cash dividend to be received during the year. D. is calculated by dividing the earnings multiple by net income. 38.If a firm's payment terms for sales made on account to its customers were 2/10, n30, the number of days' sales in accounts receivable would be expected to be: A. less than 10. B. between 10 and 25. C. between 25 and 40. D. over 40. 39. A common size income statement: A. uses the same dollar amount of revenues for each year. B. expresses items as a percentage of revenues. C. makes comparisons between years more difficult. D. is useful in estimating the impact of inflation. 40. Management's use of resources can best be evaluated by focusing on measures of: A. liquidity. B. activity. C. leverage. D. book value. 41.Asset turnover cal culations: A. are made by dividing the average asset balance during the year by the sales for the year. B. are made by dividing sales for the year by the asset balance at the end of the year. C. communicate information about how promptly the entity pays its bills. D. should be evaluated by observing the turnover trend over a period of time. 42. The comparison of activity measures of different companies is complicated by the fact that: A. different inventory cost flow assumptions may be used. B. dollar amounts of assets may be significantly different. C. only one of the companies may have preferred stock outstanding.D. the number of shares of common stock issued may be significantly different. 43. A higher P/E ratio means that: A. the stock is more reasonably priced. B. the stock is relatively expensive. C. investors are wary of the stock. D. earnings are expected to decrease. 44. Which of the following is(are) an example of a measure of leverage? A. Debt yield. B. Debt payout ratio. C. Preferred dividend coverage ratio. D. Debt/equity ratio. E. All of the above. 45. The inventory turnover calculation: A. is wrong unless cost of goods sold is used in the numerator. B. is wrong unless sales is used in the numerator. C. s an alternative way of expressing the number of days' sales in inventory. D. requires knowledge of the inventory cost flow assumption being used. 46. Book value per share of common stock of a manufacturing company: A. is not a very useful measure most of the time. B. is calculated by dividing market value per share by earnings per share. C. reflects the fair market value of the company's stock. D. is the same as the total balance sheet asset value per share of common stock. 47. If the P/E ratio of a company's common stock were 12, and its earnings were $ 2. 50 per common share: A. the market value of the common stock would be $20. 3 per share. B. the market value of the common stock would be $25. 00 per share. C. an increase in earnings of $0. 20 per share, with no change in the multiple, would result in a market price increase of $2. 40 per share. D. an increase in earnings of $0. 20 per share, with no change in the multiple, would result in a market price increase of $1. 67 per share. 48. The concept of operating leverage refers to which of the following? A. Operating income changes proportionately more than revenues for any given change in activity level. B. Operating income changes proportionately less than revenues for any given change in activity level.C. Operating income changes proportionately more than income for any given change in activity level. D. Operating income changes proportionately less than income for any given change in activity level. 49. As the total volume of activity changes: A. the total of variable costs changes. B. the total of fixed costs changes. C. variable costs per unit change. D. fixed costs per unit stay the same. 50. A firm has revenues of $120,000, a contribution margin ratio of 30%, and fixed expenses that total $56,000. If revenues increase $20,000, then: A. operating income will increase by $6000. B. operating income will be 0.C. fixed expenses will increase $8000. D. the contribution margin ratio will increase by 1/8. 51. Each of a company's several product lines has a different contribution margin ratio. Total sales in 2007 were 20% higher than total sales in 2006. Total contribution margin for 2007 will be: A. the same as it was in 2006, regardless of changes in sales mix. B. 20% higher than it was in 2006, regardless of changes in sales mix. C. more than 20% higher than it was in 2006, if the sales mix changes and proportionately more high contribution margin ratio products are sold in 2007 than in 2006. D. ess than 20% higher than it was in 2006, if the sales mix changes and proportionately more high contribution margin ratio products are sold in 2007 than in 2006. For questions 52, 53, 66, 79 and 84 the following graph is needed. [pic] 52. If sales volume were to decrease 10%, from 4,000 units per month to 3,600 units per month, operating income would: A. not change B. decrease $10,000 C. decrease $24,000 D. decrease $40,000 53. If the selling price per unit were to drop $2, from $100 to $98, the sales volume were to increase 500 units to 4,500 units per month, and advertising expense were to increase by $1,000: A. he break-even point would increase. B. the break-even point would decrease. C. the contribution margin ratio would increase. D. operating income would decrease. 54. The cost of a single unit of production in excess of the breakeven point in units is: A. its fixed cost and variable cost. B. its fixed cost only. C. its variable cost only. D. none of the above. For questions 55 and 64 the following graph is needed. [pic] 55. Using the high-low method, the variable rate for maintenance is: A. $0. 40 B. $0. 80 C. $1. 20 D. $2. 50 56. The term â€Å"relevant range† refers to: A. the range of activity where costs will fluc tuate. B. he range of activity where fixed costs change as activity changes. C. the range of activity where total variable cost remains constant as activity changes. D. the range of activity where cost relationships are valid. 57. A firm's products have an average contribution margin ratio of 40%, which will be maintained for the next month even though fixed expenses are expected to rise by $20,000. In order to keep operating income for the month from being affected, revenues will have to increase by: A. $ 8,000 B. $12,000 C. $20,000 D. $50,000 58. The cost formula for monthly customer order processing cost has been established as $100 + $0. 5 per order. It is expected that 5,600 orders will be processed in May and 6,400 in June. Total order processing costs for May and June combined will be estimated to be: A. $ 940 B. $1,060 C. $2,000 D. $2,500 59. The contribution margin ratio always decreases when the: A. breakeven point decreases. B. fixed expenses increase. C. selling price in creases and the variable costs remain constant. D. variable cost increase and the selling price remains constant. 60. Knowledge about the behavior pattern of a cost is important to understanding the effect on net income of a change in sales volume because as sales volume changes: A. et income will change proportionately. B. the effect on net income will depend on the behavior pattern of various costs. C. fixed costs will rise proportionately. D. variable costs will not change. 61. Management accounting is: A. a highly technical subject that people in personnel or engineering should not be expected to understand. B. performed by individuals who seldom work with people in other functional areas of the organization. C. the principal activity involved in determining the goals and objectives of the entity. D. an activity that gets involved with virtually all of the other functional areas of the organization. 62.What percentage of the contribution margin is profit on units sold in excess of the breakeven point? A. It's 50% to the contribution margin ratio. B. It's equal to the variable cost ratio. C. It's equal of the gross profit ratio. D. It's 100%. 63. ABU Co. has several products, each with a different contribution margin ratio. If the same number of units were sold in July as in June, but the sales mix changed: A. operating income would be the same in June and July. B. fixed expenses in July would be in a different relevant range than in June. C. the company's overall contribution margin ratio would be the same in June and July.D. total contribution margin in July would be different from that in June. 64. Using the high-low method, the monthly fixed component of maintenance cost is: A. $1,600 B. $1,200 C. $1,100 D. $1,300 65. When the cost behavior pattern has been identified as fixed at a certain volume of activity: A. any change in volume will probably cause the cost to change. B. it is appropriate to express the cost on a per unit of activity basis. C. the t otal cost will not change even if the volume of activity changes substantially. D. the total cost may change if the volume of activity changes substantially. 66.The break-even point volume of units is: A. 0 B. 360 C. 720 D. 1000 67. An example of a cost likely to have a fixed behavior pattern is: A. sales force commission. B. production labor wages. C. advertising cost. D. electricity cost for packaging equipment. 68. The formula for expressing the total of a fixed, variable, or mixed cost at any level of activity is: A. total cost = fixed cost + (variable rate * volume of activity) B. total cost = fixed cost * volume of activity C. total cost = fixed cost * variable rate D. total cost = fixed cost – variable cost 69. As the level of activity decreases: A. fixed cost per unit decrease.B. variable cost per unit decrease. C. fixed cost remains constant in total. D. variable cost remains constant in total. 70. The contribution margin format income statement is organized by: A. r esponsibility centers. B. functional classifications. C. sales territories. D. cost behavior classifications. 71. As the level of activity increases: A. fixed cost per unit increase. B. variable cost per unit increase. C. variable cost per unit decrease. D. fixed cost per unit decrease. 72. Managerial accounting supports the management process most significantly by: A. measuring and reporting financial results after the fact.B. determining the goals and objectives of the entity. C. providing estimates of financial results for various plans. D. establishing operating policies to be followed during a period of time. 73. An example of a cost that is likely to have a variable behavior pattern is: A. sales force salaries. B. depreciation of production equipment. C. salaries of production supervisors. D. production labor wages. 74. A 10% change in a firm's revenues is likely to result in a change of more than 10% in the firm's operating income because: A. not all of the firm's costs will change in proportion to the revenue change.B. the firm has financial leverage. C. the contribution margin ratio will change in proportion to the revenue change. D. only fixed expenses will change in proportion to the revenue change. 75. An example of a cost likely to have a mixed behavior pattern is: A. sales force commission. B. raw material cost. C. depreciation of production equipment. D. electricity cost for the manufacturing plant. 76. Cost behavior refers to: A. costs that are both good and bad. B. costs that increase at a quicker rate than others. C. costs that decrease at a quicker rate than others. D. costs that are variable or fixed. E. one of the above. 77. Which of the following statements doesnot describe a characteristic of management accounting? A. Management accounting must conform to GAAP. B. Approximate amounts rather than accurate amounts or refined estimates are often used in management accounting. C. Management accounting places a great deal of emphasis on the f uture. D. Management accounting is more concerned with units of the organization rather than with the organization as a whole. 78. Simplifying assumptions made when using cost behavior pattern data include: A. relevant range and liquidity. B. fixed activity and linearity.C. relevant range and linearity. D. activity range and variability. 79. The contribution margin ratio is: A. 40% B. 60% C. 62. 5% D. 70% 80. Which of the following terms do not appear on the contribution margin format income statement: A. gross profit. B. contribution margin. C. operating income. D. variable expenses. 81. A management decision that would have a long term influence on the operating leverage of a firm would be: A. increasing the advertising budget. B. substituting robots for hourly paid production workers. C. increasing prices in proportion to raw material cost increases.D. having a season-end sale of seasonal products. 82. Which of the following activities is not part of the management planning and c ontrol cycle: A. data collection and performance feedback. B. implementation of plans. C. providing information to investors and creditors. D. revisiting plans. 83. The relevant range concept refers to: A. a firm's range of profitability. B. a firm's range of sales. C. a firm's range of rates of return. D. a firm's range of activity. 84. The break-even point in terms of total revenues per month is: A. $30,000 B. $60,000 C. $75,000 D. $100,000 85.When the high-low method of estimating a cost behavior pattern is used: A. cost and volume data must be reviewed for outliers. B. the direct result of the high-low calculations is the fixed expense amount. C. the highest and lowest sales price and volume amounts are used in the calculation. D. the resulting cost formula will explain total cost accurately for every value between the high and low volumes. 86. The shift in the amount of manufacturing overhead costs applied to the mix of products produced that occurs when using a single cost dri ver rate as compared to using activity-based costing rates is known as: A. nderapplied overhead B. overapplied overhead C. cost absorption D. cost distortion 87. An excess of cost of goods manufactured over cost of goods sold for the period represents: A. an increase in gross profit. B. a decrease in work in process inventory. C. overapplied manufacturing overhead. D. an increase in finished goods inventory. 88. A predetermined overhead rate is used to: A. keep track of actual overhead costs as they are incurred. B. assign indirect costs to cost objects. C. establish prices for manufactured products. D. allocate selling and administrative expenses to manufactured products. 9. Which of the following will cause income determined with absorption costing to be higher than income determined with direct costing? A. units produced equals units sold. B. units produced is greater than units sold. C. units produced is less than units sold. D. income determined with absorption costing will alw ays equal income determined with direct costing. 90. The overhead component of product cost is: A. the sum of the actual overhead costs incurred in the manufacture of the product. B. likely to be the same amount for every product made by the company. C. n estimated amount based on labor hours, machine hours, or some other activity. D. determined at the end of the year when actual costs and actual production are known. 91. For the partial value chain functions given below, which sequence is correct? A. design, production, marketing B. marketing, production, distribution C. research and development, production, distribution D. customer service, marketing, distribution 92. Total manufacturing costs for the month on the statement of costs of goods manufactured equals: A. variable costs + fixed costs + mixed costs. B. work in process inventory – finished goods inventory.C. cost of goods sold – cost of goods manufactured. D. cost of raw material used + direct labor cost incu rred + manufacturing overhead applied. 93. An example of a cost likely to have an indirect relationship with products being manufactured: A. production labor costs. B. raw material costs. C. electricity costs for packaging equipment. D. none of the above. 94. Costs may be allocated to a product or activity for many purposes, but care must be exercised when using allocated costs because: A. direct costs identified with the product or activity may not be accurately assigned.B. fixed costs will change in total if the volume of activity changes. C. all costs may not have been allocated to the product or activity. D. arbitrarily allocated costs may not behave in the way assumed in the allocation method. 95. The production cost of a single unit of a manufactured product is determined by: A. dividing total direct materials and direct labor for a production run by the number of units made. B. dividing total direct materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead for a production run by t he number of units made. C. ividing total direct materials, direct labor, manufacturing overhead and selling expenses for a production run by the number of units made. D. dividing the selling price by the gross profit ratio. 96. An example of a cost that is likely to have a direct relationship with products being manufactured: A. sales force salaries. B. depreciation of production equipment. C. salaries of production supervisors. D. production labor costs. 97. The sequence of activities that add value to the organization are: A. the value processes. B. the chain of production events. C. the value chain. D. the strategic cost initiatives. 8. Which of the following activities is not included in the organization's value chain? A. marketing. B. finance. C. customer service. D. research and development 99. Cost accounting is a subset of: A. financial accounting. B. process cost accounting. C. job order cost accounting. D. managerial accounting. 100. The three components of product costs are: A. direct material, supervisor salaries, selling expenses. B. direct labor, manufacturing overhead, indirect material. C. direct material, manufacturing overhead, direct labor. D. manufacturing overhead, indirect material, indirect labor.

Adopting a Healthy Lifestyle Essay

Every day the people in this nation zoom around in their busy lives. People cut corners to save time and often take the easy route in many tasks. Sometimes by cutting these corners, an impact can be made on the world around us and the people we love. Eating is just one of the many things that people forget to take care of. Food is the foundation to our bodies. Food is what keeps people going and fuels them to do what they need to do. In 337 BC, Hippocrates stated, â€Å"Let food be your medicine and medicine be your food.† Most of the food people consume is not good for them. Poor nutrition is damaging and causes mood swings, behavioral issues, problems in growth development, cancer, sickness, disease, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, and the list goes on. The artificial fillers, colors, dyes, excess salts and sugars in food cause the body to break down. This deterioration of the body leads to many types of ailments. People need to stop eating fast foods, genetically modified foods, processed and refined foods. It is killing the people in this country day after day. It is severely important to eat healthy nutritious foods. â€Å"A poorly nourished child will fail to grow properly; a poorly nourished adult will have a decreased resistance to infection and disease (The Columbia Encyclopedia, 2008).† The body needs a certain amount of vitamins and minerals to stay functioning properly on a daily basis and to keep sickness out. If people do not start eating and living healthier, sickness and chronic disease will only increase and continue to occur. 45% of Americans have at least one chronic condition and 26% of the population has two or more conditions (AACC, 2009). Poor eating habits are being passed down to children and these habits are going to be detrimental to our communities and to this nation. Eating nutritious organic fruits, vegetables, whole grains and legumes (beans) will prevent and diminish many health issues as well as maintain a healthy body and mind. In the past 3 decades, there has been significant increase in hyperactive beh avior, ADD and ADHD in children. A 3% increase per year has been recorded from 1997 to 2006 and a 5.5% increase from 2003 to 2007 (CDC, 2011). In America today, 5.2 million children are diagnosed with ADHD and 63% of those children are currently taking medication as a treatment (CDC, 2011). Fast foods, processed foods, candy, soda, chips and pizza are all attributing factors for hyperactive behavior. Research has linked food additives, dyes and poor nutrition with behavioral issues. The debate continues over the actual cause of hyperactivity however, a solid body of evidence points to food additives, allergic reactions to food and excess sugar in the diet. Food additives cause adverse responses that a child’s natural body is incapable of warding off. Aggressive behavior and restlessness will occur in a child when refined carbohydrates and sugars are present (Kirschman, 2007). Good eating habits are critical for the proper growth and development of a child. Studies have proved that removing artificial additives from a child’s diet will provide a substantial improvement on one’s behavior. One study demonstrated a 70% behavioral improvement after just 5 weeks (Stevenson, 2010). People need to take more care when making choices on what to feed their kids. Children also need to be educated on the effects of a poor diet. This will help them to become conscious adults and less likely to develop chronic diseases. Junk food filled with empty calories, sugars, salts and fats are like drugs to children. Their bodies are not developed enough to handle this sort of distortion in body activity. Food is medicine. Therefore, the body requires proper nutrition to function correctly. There will be a considerable increase in risk of chronic disease in upcoming generations if poor eating habits are not addressed starting at a young age (AACC, 2009). The World Health Organization (WHO) has been compiling information since 1989 about the direct link between poor nutrition and chronic disease. The WHO has concluded that there is a growing epidemic of chronic illness. Evidence has shown a direct relationship between poor diet and unhealthy lifestyles. America has been a world leader in the areas of technology, medical and scientific research, and higher education for generations. However, as people spent billions of dollars and millions of man-hours solving the crises of infectious diseases around the world, a more silent and deadly crisis grew; chronic illness (Rose, 2011). Obesity is the most prevalent of all chronic diseases. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), in 2010, overweight and obesity counted for one third of the adult population. Overweight and obesity can lead to chronic illnesses like hypertension, high cholesterol, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, respiratory problems and some cancers. U nfortunately some aspects of appetite come from an emotional nature, often times not feeding the body but feeding the need for love and comfort (Kirschman, 2007). Other factors include hormonal malfunction, emotional tension, boredom, habit or malnutrition. â€Å"According to a June 23, 2011 report published in the New England Journal of Medicine, participants gained weight with the intake of potato chips, potatoes, sweetened beverages, unprocessed red meats and processed meats. They lost weight with the intake of vegetables, whole grains, fruits, and nuts (Rose, Para 9, 2011).† Additives and preservatives take the place of nutrients and minerals removed from the original food sources. Even though processed food may taste good, it is lacking all the beneficial nutrients needed to nourish the body, maintain blood sugar levels, and ensure proper digestion. Our bodies store all the things that our digestive systems cannot process therefore making more fat tissue which contributes to obesity (Rose, 2011). Statistics show that people who are average weight will live longer, have more energy and feel better overall. A well-balanced, whole foods diet high in all essential nutrients and absent of offending substances will result in healt hy body, healthy mind and healthy body weight (Kirschman, 2007). People need to realize just how serious the consequences are related to poor diet. Conscious living and healthy eating habits are essential to a healthy, long life free from ailments and chronic illness. It is never too late to start making a change. The time has come for the people of this nation to take control of their lives. People need to stop making choices based on how they feel and from what they see when they wake up and step out into the world each morning. Changes in diets and lifestyles have occurred through industrialization, urbanization and economic development. These changes have impacted what people chose to eat as well as their activity levels (WHO, 2002). There has been a significant impact on the health and nutritional status of our population. The access to food has increased and diversified and this direction is not beneficial. The more people evolve and find new technologies; the sicker, the bigger and more in debt people become. These changes in dietary and lifestyle patterns; chronic illness including obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, and some types of cancer are becoming increasingly significant causes of disability and premature death. This places additional burdens on already overtaxed national health budgets (WHO, 2002). Expressing the importance for changing the way people consume food is tough but the consequences of poor diet outweigh any sort of excuse. People’s minds are being filled with attraction to the wrong types of food. People need to take charge of their habits and recognize the importance of adopting a healthier lifestyle. This society needs to stop overeating and consuming overloaded amounts of non-nutritious foods. Food may look and taste absolutely delicious, but that does not mean it has the same satisfying benefit to our bodies. People need to start making choices that matter over the ones that feel good in the moment. This is needed for the well-being of every person in this nation. Food is a person’s foundation and without consuming it properly; a long life of sickness awaits. When people fuel their bodies with proper nutrients it is virtually impossible to get cancers and other chronic diseases. If a person’s body is balanced; when a person nourishes all their systems and all the functions of the body are intact, sickness is powerless (Gerson, 2012). The University of Berkeley, California (2008) writes that one of the biggest preventative measures in avoiding disease is to quit smoking, reduce your blood cholesterol, avoid hypertension, stay active, maintain a healthy weight, avoid diabetes, and balance alcohol consumption. In fewer words, eat healthy and stay active. Testing shows that vitamins A, C, E, B3 and B6 prevent the growth of cancer cells. They stimulate the body’s immune system and act as free-radical scavengers. Free radicals are chemicals produced by the body when exposed to harmful elements such as food and drink contaminants, rancid fats or air pollution. Lipotropes, which prevent the accumulation of fat in the liver, protect the cells from the transformation to cancer cells. Free radicals damage parts of the human cell, especially DNA (a hereditary material present in nearly every cell in the human/animal body) and RNA (similar to DNA except that it is a single stranded molecule). DNA and RNA direct the actions of each cell. Once this process is disturbed by free radicals (poor nutrition), cancer and other chronic disease can develop. (Kirschman, 2007) The result of poor diet, lack of nutritious foods, and absence of activity will result in sickness, disease and chronic illness. People can prevent these things from happening by making simple changes in the way they live their lives. Avoid junk foods like candy and chips. Soda and manufactured juices that pose as being healthy, reduced in calories/sugar or low in fat can be replaced with water. A juicer is also a great investment. An assorted variety of colorful fruits and vegetables can be mixed into a juice extractor which can substitute for a snack or fill the desire for a delicious beverage. Juice from natural juicing requires little digestion and goes directly into the body system Haynes, 2012). It is beneficial to the earth, to communities and to this nation to grow food locally; to purchase food locally. People need to include a large range of fruits, veggies, whole grains, beans and nuts in their diets. It is vital to eat these foods in their most natural and unprocessed forms. Pesticides, chemicals and hormones added in foods can alter the capabilities of the nourishment naturally presented (Kirschman, 2007). This nation needs to step out of consumerism and go back to the basics of eating. Humans are gatherers (herbivores) and meant to eat foliage. People do not have enough land, time or money to consume at the level they are devouring (Andrews, 2009). â€Å"A meat-cancer connection has been reported in over 100 epidemiological studies from numerous countries with assorted food habits. Diets can be healthy when including moderate amounts of meat from healthy source s. Yet, unlike plants, which we can’t live without, we don’t need meat to survive (Andrews, 2009).† If people were to provide their bodies with nutrient packed fruits and vegetables, whole grains and beans, chronic illness, disease and sickness could be diminished. According to the National Center of Health Statistics, 65.2% of American adults are overweight and obese because of poor nutrition (CDC, 2010). That is just one result of this chronic issue. With eating conscious, people can eliminate the risk of developing a sickness or having different types of chronic illness. Eating crunchy peppers, carrots, apples, celery, nuts or radishes can be consumed as a snack instead of chips and candy. Water should be substituted for all sodas and commercial juices. Boil and steam fruits and vegetables instead of frying them. Eat them raw or juice them in a juicing machine. Foods that are fried, processed, genetically modified and refined tend to lose of their nutritional value thus destroying the body. Too much sugar stored in the body basically just turns into fat. Excess fat stored in the body and the lack of energy from poor nutrition can cause people to become inactive. To avoid all of this the answer is very simple. Eating healthy is imperative to one’s health. Nutritious, mineral and vitamin packed food must be consumed to keep the body functioning properly. People need to take care in what is being served on their dinner tables. People need to be conscious and aware of what they are choosing at the grocery store. People need to watch their portions and take care in the way their foods are being cooked. Chronic illness and sickness can be prevented by eating healthy. If people take the steps and watch the way they consume food they would live longer, disease free lives. If they take care in what they are eating there would be less sickness, disease and debt in our nation. References American Association for Clinical Chemistry (AACC). (2009). July 2009 Clinical Laboratory News: Rates of Chronic Disease Expected to Rise Sharply. Clinical Laboratory News, 35(7). Retrieved from http://www.aacc.org/publications/cln/2009/july/Pages/newsbrief0709.aspx# Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC). (2011). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Behavior (ADHD). Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/adhd/data.html/ Centers for Disease Prevention and Control (CDC). (2010). Overweight and Obesity. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html/ Columbia University Press. (2008). The Columbia Encyclopedia. Retrieved from http://lib.kaplan.edu/login?url=/login?qurl=http://www.credoreference.com.lib.kaplan.edu/entry/columency/nutrition Gerson, C. [gersoninstitute]. (The Gerson Institute). (2012, April 24). Charlotte Gerson at the Rock Church’s Cancer Care Ministry [Video file]. Available from http://youtu.be/WtHujJeEguI Haynes D., Haynes, V. (2012). Health Benefits of Juicing. Retrieved from http://juicerrecipesnow.com/health-benefits-of-juicing/ Kirschman, J., Nutrition Search Inc. (2007). Nutrition Almanac Sixth Addition. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies Rose, C. (2011). Obesity in America. Down to Earth. Retrieved from http://www.downtoearth.org/health/nutrition/obesity-america References (cont.) Stevenson, J. (2010). Recent Research on Food Additives: Implications for CAMH. Child & Adolescent, 15(3, 130-133. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=4a239b06-faf5-442b-90fa-f212cc52100d%40sessionmgr12&vid=7&hid=9 University of Berkeley California. (2008). Preventing Heart Disease. Retrieved from http://www.wellnessletter.com/ucberkeley/foundations/preventing-heart-disease/# World Health Organization. (2002). Diet, Nutrition and the Prevention of Chronic Disease. WHO Technical Report Series, 916, 1-160. Retrieved from http://whqlibdoc.who.int/trs/who_trs_916.pdf

Public Sector Budgeting Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Public Sector Budgeting - Assignment Example It is majorly done by the executive and should not be made a secretive process. The first important step of this stage is to set a fiscal policy and it involves estimation of the resources available for spending. The treasury department will then issue a directive of spending to all the departments based on the policy framework (Khan & Hildreth, 2002). Negotiations will follow between the spending departments and the treasury with a bid to allocate the resources. The process then ends with the development of a consolidated draft budget that is approved by the cabinet or a higher political authority that will deliberate on the contentious issues before moving to the next budget stage. After drafting a comprehensive budget, the document will be laid before the legislature for approval. Government regulations bar the executive from making expenditures without obtaining sanction from the legislature. Parliament will closely scrutinize the draft budget and has the option of approving, rej ecting, amending or in some cases substituting the draft that is presented by the executive (Khan & Hildreth, 2002). The legislature will also have the mandate of approving the relevant laws on taxation before they take effect. It is important to notice that the period taken by the legislature in approving the budget varies from country to counter. Once approved, the budget process enters the implementation stage, which marks the commencement of a fiscal year. The implementation process is in the hands of the executive, which allocates the resources to the departments in line with the approved estimates. The legislature however may monitor the executive in the process to ensure that they don’t deflect t from the estimates. In the developing economies, the executive may have to cut on some approved expenditures to take care of emerging circumstances. Where the emergency requires substantial amounts, the legislature will have to approve the new estimates to protect the minority rights. The final stage is the accounting and financial reporting stage. At this stage an independent auditor is vested with the mandate of analyzing the government accounts and government reports with the objective of giving an opinion on whether the implementation has been done in a desirable manner. The report should be made in a timely manner and with recommendations that will be reflected in future budgets in order to improve future public accounting and budgeting. Reports should be made in a timely manner to ensure that the official who might be responsible for loss of public resources are convicted for their actions before their retirement or after they had left public service. The budget process is not an event and is an ongoing process that is interconnected. Legislature participation should not be limited to approval and review of the audit findings. Parliament should be empowered to ensure that they make the executive responsible for proper implementation of the budget. B The public sector and private sector budgeting have similarities and differences in some ways. Private sector budgeting is driven by the market and that of the public sector is constrained by resources from taxation. It therefore means that both the public and private sector budgets have some constraints. Secondly, both the private and public and private sector budgeting have objectives. For the private the aim is to make profits while public budgeting is service to the serve the

Internet Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Internet Marketing - Assignment Example 135-152). It emphasis on the use of ICT to facilitate faster transactions that help companies manage the complications of global business environments. It involves improvements in extranets and intranets. Internet marketing, (online marketing) refers to marketing and advertising techniques using the email and web to drive continuous sales through electronic commerce. It includes social media marketing, web marketing and email marketing (CHAFFEY, 2008 pp. 97-121). In addition, Internet marketing (online advertising) becomes effective when combined with other types of advertising like newspapers, television, radio, and magazine. Digital marketing is marketing that uses digital electronic gadgets such as tablets, cell phones, personal computers and smartphones to promote or market goods and services for smooth engagement with shareholders (SIEGEL, 2004 pp. 173-194). Platforms such as e-mail, websites and, and social networks are of importance to digital marketing. E- Commerce only involves the buying and selling of goods using electronic means. It also defines the exchange of properties and amenities or relocation of belongings or information, completed by electrical system, principally the Internet. It fascinates knowledge resembling to automated data interchange, internet promotion, program information assortment systems, catalog administration arrangements and stock series (SIEGEL, 2004 pp. 173-194). E-business involves selling products online while handling other company’s operations offline.It entails the use of informatics and statement mechanisms in the management of trade accomplishments. It prominence on the habit of ICT to enable quicker businesses that assistance companies handle the impediments of international business situations. It encompasses improvements in extranets and intranets. Internet marketing combines the technical and innovative feature of internet plus web-designing,

International Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 3

International Marketing - Essay Example Internationalization Process A) Stages in Entry Process Internationalization process allows new ventures to gain growth and positive returns through capitalizing on their unique resources as well as capabilities. Learning also becomes possible and internationalization facilitates the new ventures to create and exploit its knowledge. While entering into any markets of any country, it becomes essential to look for opportunities for the product in that particular country so that success can be achieved. There are five basic steps that can be taken into account while expanding operation in other countries. They are ‘country identification, preliminary screening, in-depth screening, final selection and direct experience’. Country Identification It becomes too essential to carry out a common overview of prospective new markets. It may happen at times that two countries share a similar culture, political ideology or religion such as China and Cuba, similar language like the Uni ted States and Australia, similar heritage such as the United Kingdom and Australia. In this stage, the selection becomes straight forward. Preliminary Screening This is the stage where it becomes essential to have a serious look at those countries remaining after undergoing preliminary screening. Here one begins to score weight or rank the nations according to macro-economic factors such as level of domestic consumption, exchange rate, currency stability and others. This is the stage where companies begin to start calculating the nature of the market entry cost. It is to be decided what portion of the company entering into the market is possessed domestically. A proper PESTEL analysis needs to be done before entering the market of other countries. In-depth Screening This is the stage where it would be considered feasible for market entry. Therefore, it becomes important to gain detailed information on the target market so that the strategies can be formulated accordingly. Final Sel ection At this stage it becomes essential to prepare the final shortlist of the potential nations. It would be viable to look at the close competitors or the domestic companies which have already entered into the market in order to get firm costs concerning market entry. In this stage, the managers often looks for nations that it has already entered in order to check the similarities or learning which can be used for decision making. Direct Experience This is the stage where the marketing managers may travel to those particular nations in order to experience the nation’s culture as well as business practices. However, based upon the case study, the following steps of foreign market entry have been identified. 1. Identification of company’s objective in the foreign market entry 2. Preliminary country screening 3. Opportunities and threats in the target country 4. Capabilities, resources and skills needed to succeed in foreign markets 5. Identification of company’ s strength and weakness on key success factors 6. Decisions regarding entering the target market 7. Comparison and ranking of the target market B) Decision to Be Made In Each Stages In case of identifying the objective of the company in the foreign market entry, companies need to identify why it wants to enter into the foreign market. The motives may be to exploit large and

Quality Function Deployment - Carry out a QFD assessment. & Submit a Essay

Quality Function Deployment - Carry out a QFD assessment. & Submit a completed 'House of Quality' diagram to show the results - Essay Example The first brick or building block should give us some information about what our target audience wants. Analyzing performance of our hand held battery operated drill among the target audience of small business operators they gave us answers in deep expecting â€Å"Voice of the Customer† that main features they require from a hand held drill are time of operation before it needs recharging, its weight as they have to carry it and hammering speed if they need to drill into concrete. (Akao, Yoji., 1990) They were not concerned about other features like durability, parts and service availability, warranty, price or maintenance so we did not have to group customer wishes into smaller groups in a way of affinity or a tree diagram. In our next step we encounter Planning Matrix at the right side of QFD house modeled matrix. Its function is many-fold as it quantifies the â€Å"Voice of the Customer† and allows for its adjustments with the issues concerning the design team. (Gibs on, J., 1995) First we need to get our customers rate how important is for them chosen requirement that we found asking them on the left side of the house. (Gaucher, E., Coffey R., 1993) We can gather this information by questionnaires where customers can rate how important the feature is for them on a scale from 1-5 or 1-10 or we can use analytical hierarchy process by combining two features and asking them which one means more to them. The second method requires a little more work on our side. At the same time when we already have a customer willing to cooperate we should also ask if she/he can evaluate his satisfaction with our product and some competitors products as a whole and by separate features. Once done and statistically measured this number are basis for comparison and calculations of Planned Satisfaction Rating, Improvement Factor, Sales Point, and Overall Weighting. Our customers gave us Feature Importance rating of 4.5 for ability to work longer without recharging 2.7 for having hammering ability and 1.8 to be light to carry around. They marked our product with 3.6 for battery life, 1.8 for easy carrying and 3.1 for hammering ability. Competitor A and B got the following marks respectively: battery life 3.2 and 2.9, easy to carry 2.9 and 3.7, and for hammering ability 1 and 4.4. (Akao, Y., 1990) Our guys from technical department added a column for Planned Satisfaction Rating at 4 for battery life, 2 for easy carry and unchanged for hammering ability. Thus improvement factor for battery life came at 1.4, for easy to carry feature at 1.2 and unchanged 1 for hammering ability. We thought that battery life could be our next sales point so we added additional 1.5 weights to it from sales perspective. (Cooper, R., 1993) The third building block oh the â€Å"House of Quality† matrix consists of technical requirements recognized as the Voice of the Company. (Gibson, J., 1995, p.8) QFD team here identifies all measurable characteristics of the pr oduct as they relate to customer wish list. A line can be added here that shows whether we need to increase or decrease the feature as decrease to make it lighter or increase to make it last longer. In our case we noted battery life increase requirement and weight decrease requirement while we think that we are on the money with one hammering speed. In the middle section of the â€Å"House of Quality† matrix we assign different weights to relationships. This is rather subjective and may lead to wrong

Develop marketing strategie Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Develop marketing strategie - Coursework Example Is the process of creating products to exist into the mind of the consumers with reference to the competitors? We will create the most comprehensive offering that meets our customers demand and carry out an advertisement to differentiate ourselves from competitors. The company will also create unique brands that influence consumers. This is a marketing strategy that tries to analyze the intended market, nature of the target consumers and how much profit will be generated by the product. The company will offer high quality products relative to the competitors so that consumer’s satisfaction is met. The products will reduce obese among the older generation by minimizing their weights. As a result these ventures would increase revenues for the company (Kaufmann, & Panni, 2013). The company will also establish a direct contact between customers and staffs so that they can air their grievances incase of dissatisfaction and corrective measures taken. Through face to face relationship, consumers are also made to understand the product best that increases their purchasing power hence high profits to the company. The company uses various ways to determine how much will be charged for products as it is one of the key components to the success of our organization. Our products are of high quality than our competitors, having the unique brands in the industry and packaging will be into sizes that suits our consumer’s capabilities. Thus our prices will be relatively affordable to the customers and can compete with the rivals. However, in the long-run the company would maximize its output so that we can enjoy the economies of scale (Kaufmann, & Panni, 2013). This reduces our prices by a bigger percentage and improving our qualities. We will thus have a chance to be the market leaders due to increased revenues. The company offers

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 71

Assignment - Essay Example a for irradiation, check for computer setup to ensure correct calibration for correct doses and do the actual operation of the radiation machine (â€Å"Radiation Therapists†). The radiation therapist will also observe the patient for any signs of reactions following therapy and keeps records for their clients. Although interested candidates may be considered qualified after a year’s certificate program completion, most of the employers will preferentially hire candidates with an associate’s or bachelor’s degree in the field of radiation therapy. Radiation therapists should be Detail oriented. A radiation practitioner must be keen in following precise instructions and feed the machines with exact calibrations to ensure correct radiation dosing. They are also hypothetically supposed to have good interpersonal skills since they deal with patients who in most cases may be going through emotional and physical stress. Physical stamina comes as an added advantage since radiation therapists often have to stand for long hour and additionally aid in lifting and moving clients who require some assistance. Technical skills are a necessity since the also deal with large technological machines and computer. Being radiation therapist in most cases means you are on fulltime job. As such, it is often wise to leave somewhere near the work station. It is fully indoors and since radiations are booked prior, then there is need for a regular work schedule (â€Å"Radiation Therapists†) However, for anyone considering this line of work, most of the states will necessitate you to be registered to a professional board and have a valid license from regulatory bodies. Failure to uphold regulations of these bodies will often lead to cancellation of license making it hard to practice. The assignment made me realize that a profession is holistic. Being a radiation therapist will require good interpersonal skills to be able to deal with clienteles who are emotional beings. I discovered

Take your own moral values on abortion (pro-life) and compare them to Assignment

Take your own moral values on abortion (pro-life) and compare them to the social work ethics and core values - Assignment Example It is interesting in this situation to look at a person’s own biases and prejudices while dealing with this issue. Since every person is situated in a society and can be looked at as a product of the history of that society, it is safe to assume that prejudices would be a part of every person. There needs to thus, be a conscious effort to rid oneself of the prejudices that are a part of one’s mind. It is here that one sees the importance of a code of ethics as laid down by the National Association of Social Workers. This paper shall look at the articles of this code and how it helps one to rid oneself of many a prejudice and work towards a more harmonious society. The code of ethics according to the NASW demands that people who are social workers accept the cultural changes that are a part of today’s society and learn to live in harmony without intentionally or otherwise, causing any damage to the sentiments of others. It is in this context that the issue of abortion becomes a huge issue that becomes difficult for people to grapple with. Any stand that is taken at present seems to be in violation of the beliefs of certain groups, as far as abortion is concerned. This is however, applicable only for those groups that advocate a complete ban on abortion or complete freedom. As in most issues of a multicultural society, the middle path would be the intelligent route to take in this matter. This is especially so since it tends to divide people into watertight compartments even at a political level where it becomes a major issue in pre-electoral times. This lack of discrimination is exhorted to be practiced as can be seen in this part of th e code of ethics- â€Å"Social workers should obtain education about and seek to understand the nature of social diversity and oppression with respect to race, ethnicity, national origin, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression,

Art as Part of Culture Poses as an Obstruction for Globalisation Assignment

Art as Part of Culture Poses as an Obstruction for Globalisation - Assignment Example The definitions of art and culture are seemingly contrasting to the definition of globalisation, which in turn is defined as the compression and stretching of geographical spaces resulting to a borderless economy characterized by technology, information exchanges, knowledge economy and capital flow thus breaking down the barriers between nations expanding trade opportunities, eliminating monopolies and protectionist policies. (Mullard 83) Globalisation was generally perceived in a negative light more specifically on the economy of a nation. On the aspect of culture, adverse effects of globalization anticipated by nations are the corruption of a nation’s principles, loss of national identity and values as well as a threat to national security. These worries, however, are contested by explanations that the seemingly adverse effect of corrupting the nation’s principles would need the constant reminder of the importance of a nation’s heritage and culture as well as promoting national pride. Concerning national security, this serves as a challenge to improve safety measures of a nation. The definitions of art and culture that generally point towards the individuality of a nation have some disparities with the purpose of globalization to create one nation, which in some ways may need to intermingle some of the cultural differences among nations and in the process some of these cultural values may be compromised. In Hou Hanru’s statement saying, â€Å"To promote cultural difference and hybridity in contemporary art, one must first and foremost consider the need to create alternative contexts.† (Mullard 37) globalization in art does not require compromising a nation’s heritage instead, some alternative approach can be done to still preserve distinct cultures while building cultural crossbreeds in the art that are acceptable for diverse nations. Through ages, art has significantly depicted a country’s identity and rich culture.

Minorities in the United States Essay Example for Free

Minorities in the United States Essay Assimilation is defined as a process by which an individual or a group acquires the attitudes and sentiments of other individuals or groups and then incorporates their history and experience to achieve a similar cultural life (Park Burgess, 1921). Early American ancestors who were against assimilation in the country foresaw that immigrants to the country would throw away their cultural identities and the next generations would not retain those cultural identities. It was debated that assimilation could result to a similar nature of national identity in which immigrants could achieve both social and economic benefits by integrating themselves into the mainstream of the American culture (Barvosa-Carter). Immigrants are required to take an identity of an Anglo-Saxon, Protestant, white and monolingual English language speaker when integrating immigrants on the assimilationist model. However, assimilation disregarded the important distinction between a national identity and an ethnic identity. Assimilationists have influenced the American political culture with a false view that the growing cultural diversity among immigrants affects their loyalty to the country (Barvosa-Carter). Furthermore, an assimilationist approach adopts the notion that successful integration of immigrants in the country must remove all ethnic identities among immigrants (Barvosa-Carter). Definition of multiculturalism Multiculturalism is also called ethnic federalism because it is the official acknowledgment of unique, fundamentally fixed ethnic individuals and the sharing of resources based on the idea of membership in an ethnic group. It disapproves the concept of the role of ethnic diversity in the emergence of a single, culturally united people. Multiculturalism also affirms the right of every ethnic American to privilege and power, to demand recognition and respect, and to act in their native language (Salins, 1997). Moreover, multiculturalism came out of a conflict between social cohesion and cultural diversity that has been existent in the American political culture since its formation (Bryson, 2005). Assimilation versus Multiculturalism Assimilation in American life has been much more accommodating, flexible, and effective in allowing the country to retain its national unity despite the influx of different types of cultures and nationalities, while multiculturalism is more often an ideology of ethnic grievance and unavoidably results to ethnic conflict (Salins, 1997). There are two principles that are considered the foundation of multiculturalism and the opposites of assimilationism: immigrants should not throw away any of the cultural qualities they inherited from their ancestors and there will or can never be a single united nationalistic identity that all Americans can interrelate with (Salins, 1997). According to Chavez, multiculturalism supersedes affirmative action with a power to influence how all racial and ethnic groups in the country perceive themselves and conceptualize the country. Proponents of multiculturalism have not lost their belief in the capability of assimilation. The drive to traditionally assimilate ethnic minorities has been overwhelming in the United States, notably among the children of immigrants. Religion looks to be a more effective hindrance to complete assimilation than the temporal elements of culture (Chavez, 2009). Strengths and Limitations of Assimilation and Multiculturalism One of the disadvantages of multiculturalism is the failure to hear the voices of other people who live and share in the same country. However, multiculturalism has proved to be powerful and exclusionary because its primary framework and tools are borrowed from the history of anthropology (Michaelsen, 1999). According to Chavez (2009), the driving force for multiculturalism will not come from immigrants, but from their assimilated counterparts who are more affluent and established. However, multiculturalism will not promote progress, but will put the nation a step backward. The more culturally diverse Americans become, the more important that they commit themselves to a shared culture. The most notable attribute of American culture has been its capability to integrate different elements into a new unified culture (Chavez, 2009). Assimilation among Americans has always implied the notion of give and take and the American culture has been enhanced or improved by what individual ethnic groups contributed to it. (Chavez, 2009) Minority groups experiences Discrimination suffered by ethnic minorities in the United States has affected their achievements in life. The country faces two challenges in dealing with ethnic relations: the move to further eliminate the negative impact of racism that started with slavery and the successful assimilation of growing immigrants, particularly coming from South and Central America and Asia. Moreover, the immigration trend in the country has gained exceptional successes in making the nation’s motto a reality. However, each wave of immigration has resulted to tension between new types of immigrants and older, naturalized immigrants (Thernstrom, A S, 2002). The nature and structure of life in the United States constitutes the social environment in which interpersonal relations among people of different religions, races and national origins occur. The estimated 190 million Americans are not just individual persons with psychological attributes, but belong to different types of groups: primary, secondary, family, associations, social networks, religious, racial, and social classes. The nature of these different types of groups and their interpersonal relationships has a fundamental impact on how people of different cultural backgrounds perceive and relate to each other (Gordon, 1964). The different cultural varieties of Americans have the tendency to be with their own social class and ethnic group for the main purpose of having the warm relationships with their primary groups, interacting with other cultural varieties of Americans mainly in neutral relationships with secondary groups (Gordon, 1964). In conclusion, the United States can cope with the influx of immigrants and increasing diversity by making sure that all Americans learn how to relate with different types of groups that exist in the country. They must learn to continually eliminate structural separation of different types of ethnic groups by enhancing their interaction on the job, on the civic environment, and in other areas of impersonal relations. The process of having a modern and industrial society is dependent on the commitment of mobility and interchangeability of individuals based on their occupational expertise and needs. The universal criteria of training and competence, which rely on the achievement of occupational roles, the choice of political leaders, the selection of living space, and the effective implementation of the educational process must exist in the country, while the criteria based on religion, racial background, and nationality must eliminate. If the structural separation of ethnic groups, brought by prejudices and the desire to maintain their own subculture and ethnic identity, the American society will experience, conflict, mediocrity and confusion (Gordon 1964). Chavez recommends that that all of ethnic minorities in the United States should think of themselves as Americans, no matter where they all come from or what reasons that brought their ancestors in the country. All Americans need to retain the idea that they are one people, not simply an integration of various and competing ethnic groups. Furthermore, the value for immigrant children to understand English than to retain their native language is also necessary to address the complexity of cultural diversity. Going beyond the line where ethnicity and race are the key elements that Americans identify themselves or establish loyalty is also needed. Retaining the values and principles that unite Americans must exist rather than their differences in ancestry (Chavez, 2009). The nation can also cope with the steady influx of immigrants by understanding the concept of culture. Cultures are sets of practices involving codes of communication, habits of interaction, expression of artistic talents, and standards of human behavior that need to be understood by Americans. Furthermore, cultures are interrelated with people because as people change their cultural practices, the entire cultures can and do change (Moya, 2002). Students and teachers can play an important role in helping the nation cope with the growing cultural diversity. They must learn to understand that certain ethnic groups are culturally deprived, while other ethnic groups are culturally rich. It is also important that students and educators must be provided with tools they need to learn the impact of daily interaction on different cultural practices. Understanding the notion of concept of culture will help explain the importance of cultural diversity. Cultures not only can familiarize Americans to the world, but can also be an important form of moral knowledge (Moya, 2002). References Barvosa-Carter, Edwina. American immigrants in American conflict. Georgetown Journal of International Affairs. Retrieved April 7, 2009, from http://journal. georgetown. edu/72/barvosa. cfm. Bryson, Bethany Paige (2005). Making Multiculturalism: Boundaries and Meaning in U. S. Palo Alto, California: Stanford University. Chavez, Linda (2009). Multiculturalism is driving us apart. USA Today. Retrieved April 7, 2009, from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mim1272/is_n2612_v124/ai_18274647/ Gordon, Milton M. (1964). Assimilation in American Life: The Role of Race, Religion and National Origins. Great Britain: Oxford University Press, Inc. Michaelsen, Scott (1999). Limits of Multiculturalism: Interrogating the Origins of American Anthropology. Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press. Moya, Paula M. L. (2002). Learning From Experience: Minority Identities, Multicultural Struggles. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. Park, Robert E. Burgess, Ernest W. (1921). Introduction to the Science of Sociology. Chicago, Il: University of Chicago Press. Salins, Peter D. (1997). Assimilation, American style: multiculturalism and ethnic relations. Reason. Los Angeles, California: Reason Foundation. Thernstrom, Abigail Stephan, Eds. (2002). Beyond the Color Line: New Perspectives on Race and Ethnicity in America. Palo Alto, California: Hoover Institution Press.

Katherine Okikiolu Essay Example for Free

Katherine Okikiolu Essay Katherine Okikiolu comes from a mathematical family, her father is a mathematician and inventor and her mother is a high school mathematics teacher. Her parents met when her father left Nigeria to study mathematics at the same college in England where her mother was studying physics. Her father, the Nigerian George Okikiolu, has written more mathematics papers than any other Black mathematician. She is married to mathematician Hans Lindblad. Okikiolu earned her B.  A. in Mathematics from Cambridge University in England before coming to the United States in 1987 to attend graduate school mathematics at UCLA the University of California, Los Angeles. There, she worked with two mentors, Sun-Yung (Alice) Chang and John Garnett, and was able to solve a problem concerning asymptotics of determinants of Toeplitz operators on the sphere and a conjecture of Peter Jones, characterizing subsets of rectifiable curves in Euclidean n-space. After her doctorate, Kate went, in 1993, to Princeton University where she was an Instructor and an Assistant Professor until 1995. From 1995 until 1997 she was a visiting Assistant Professor at MIT. Since 1997, she has been on the faculty in the Mathematics Department of the University of California, San Diego (UCSD), first as an Assistant Professor. Also in 1996, Dr. Okikiolu spoke as part of the twenty-fifth anniversary celebration for Association of Women in Mathematics (AWM). In 2002, she gave the Claytor-Woodard lecture at the NAM meeting the Joint Mathematics Meetings. In June 1997, Kate Okikiolu was the first Black to win the most prestigious award for young mathematics researchers the United States, a Sloan Research Fellowship. In 1997, UCSD promoted her to Associate Professor. The $70,000 Sloan Fellowship was not her only award of 1997.

HIT Governance, Regulations and Policy

HIT Governance, Regulations and Policy Melchor Abejon   The management and leadership of an organization play a significant role in determining the effectiveness of information technology. The use of Health Information Technology (HIT) to improve the healthcare service delivery is constantly increasing, thus it becomes an imperative for every Health Care Organization (HCO) to have an effective Information Technology (IT) governance in place to ensure that the use of HIT aligns with the strategic goals and objectives of the organization, and to effectively prioritized the limited resources. As the Chief Information Officer (CIO) of the academic healthcare system, the purpose of this paper is to: Define IT governance and describe the characteristics of a well-developed IT governance mechanism that are desirable for the organization. Create an assessment of the current state of HIT governance in the organization. Create an assessment of the organizations HIT governance capabilities. Definition of IT Governance Gartner (2017) defines IT governance as the processes that ensure the efficient and effective use of IT in enabling an organization to achieve its goals.   It is composed of the processes, relationships in reporting, committees and roles that an organization develops to make decisions about IT resources and activities, and to manage the execution of the decisions. These decisions involve defining project management approaches, setting priorities, determining budgets and addressing IT problems. Characteristics of a well-developed IT Governance Mechanism Wager, Lee and Glaser (2013) has given the following characteristics of a well-developed HIT governance mechanism as enumerated below: Objective and fair. Organizational participants should view governance as objective, fair, well-reasoned, and having integrity. The capability of governance to govern is highly dependent on the willingness of the organizational participants to be governed. Efficient and timely. The governance processes should be efficient and not bureaucratic. It should arrive to decisions quickly. Makes authority clear. A good IT governance enables committees and individuals who have decision authority to have a clear understanding of the scope of their roles and authority. Capability to evolve. A good IT governance mechanism should evolve as the organization, its environment and the use of technology in the organization evolves. Assessment of the Current State of HIT Governance and Capabilities of the Organization Methodology Basing from the described current IT governance structure of the organization in the scenario, and as the CIO of the organization, I believe that a good way to start in establishing a consideration to implement a new health IT governance structure for the organization is to assess the current health IT governance structure. The assessment will include identifying the organizations current maturity by completing a baseline assessment using a qualitative tool which is the Informatics Capability Maturity Model (ICMM) developed by the United Kingdoms National Health Service. The tool will not only assess the current maturity of the organizations health IT governance, but it also determines how capable the organization will be to improve its current health IT governance in order to achieve its strategic objectives. The ICMM also provides an easy quick starting point for organizational level discussions on informatics capabilities and highlighting the most essential areas for consideration . Procedure. Using the ICMM tool, I will evaluate my organizations HIT governance current status and capabilities by assessing five different dimensions. In each of the dimensions are five levels of maturity that ranges from basic (least mature) to innovative (most mature). For each maturity level, I will compare the characteristics and recognize my organizations appropriate position based on the maturity scale. Below are the five dimensions that will serve as my basis for my assessment: Management of information. In this dimension, I would assess the organizations procedures for data collection, data management, and sharing of information across the organization. Assessing this dimension would also enable me to understand the organizations capability in information security, information availability and reliability. A high score in this dimension indicates that the organizational participants or users have access to the right information at the right time. Use of business intelligence. In this dimension, I would assess the organizations approach to analyzing and presenting data to produce the needed information for decision making in the organizations business and clinical area. Assessing this dimension would also enable me to understand the organizations capability to monitor key performance indicators and metrics, ability to communicate essential information and as well as on how the organization invest in its strategic assets such as IT. Use of information technology. In this dimension, I would assess the organizations innovative use of IT. Assessing this dimension would also enable me to understand the organizations transfer of information, methods of information capture, and in sharing and reporting of information. Business and informatics alignment. In this dimension, I would assess how the organization considers and values informatics as a strategic asset in meeting its goals and objectives. Assessing this dimension would also enable me to understand the organizations focus of corporate resources on business activities, strategic plans, organizations activities that are relevant to current strategies and the organizations focus on outcome and results of activities within the organization. Change management. In this dimension, I would assess the organizations approach to realizing the benefits of informatics enabled business change. Assessment of this dimension would also enable me to understand the capability of the organization to realign its strategy and activities through periods of change and as well as capability of the organization to deal with complex changes and readiness for change. After a thorough analysis and determination of my organizations HIT governance status and capabilities based on the ICMMs maturity scale, the result of the assessment will be brought up to the senior leadership of the organization for discussion and identification of areas in the organization that have the potential for informatics capability improvement. A low score across all five dimensions would probably suggest for either a need for improvement or change in the organizations health IT governance structure. After discussing the results with the senior leadership and identifying the need for improvement or change, evidence or evidences will be collected to support the assessment and a proposal for capability development actions has to be created. The last step would be to develop strategies that would reflect the actions agreed upon by all stakeholders in the organization. This could be improving the current health IT governance or identifying a potential health IT governance structure that would be appropriate for the organization. Basing from the described health IT governance of the healthcare system in the scenario, an IT governance structure that enables effective prioritization of competing initiatives is absolutely needed. After improving or implementing a new IT governance structure for an organization, it is imperative that the progress has to be reviewed again through reassessment using the ICMM tool. References IT Governance. (2017). Retrieved February 27, 2017 from http://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/it-governance/ Nelson, R. Staggers, N. (2014). Health Informatics: An Interprofessional Approach. St. Louis, MO.: Elsevier Mosby. United Kingdoms National Health Service (n.d.). Informatics capability maturity model (ICMM) tool. Retrieved February 26, 2017 from http://content.digital.nhs.uk/article/4933/ICMM-tool Wager, K.A., Lee, F.W., Glaser, J.P. (2013). Healthcare information systems: A practical approach for health care management (3rd ed). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass

Diversity and the American National Identity Essay -- Exploratory Ess

Diversity and the American National Identity Greed is good, get get get, I want what you have, don't touch mine." This is what a friend of mine said when I asked for his conception of the American national identity is.1 Although this statement seems informal and absurd, it accurately reflects the dog-eat-dog world many people believe to be the American capitalist culture.2 Whether my friend said this with the intent of comic relief is inconsequential. Whether he knew it, the informant reflects his cultural identity. Many ambiguities surround the establishment, formation, and retention of a national identity. To what extent can a national identity be individualized? Does every individual, regardless of origin, possess the ability to engage in the national identity? Can an individual abandon his or her "cultural self?"3 Can non-American citizens who reside in America create multi-national identities of their own? Is a national identity predestined, or does an individual exert control over it? There is not one definitive national identity in any society. America is marked by the diversity of both people and ideas. The aim of this paper is not to establish a universal conception of national identity from the basis of history and documented facts. Rather, I am attempting to form a holistic definition of the national identity from my fieldwork with the widest possible variety of college students. Hernando, a native of Sacramento, considers himself a Mexican-American, yet he declares himself to be of indigenously American descent. He states, "If you trace my lineage back, I am actually from the United States. My family came from Texas and California before it was taken over by the United States." Despite Hernando's Mexi... ...ational identity and "a" national identity. "The" is used in the context of the United States and "a" refers to the universal construct. 2. In this discourse, the term "America" refers to the United States. 3. Emily A. Schultz and Robert H. Lavenda. Cultural Anthropology: A Perspective on the Human Condition, 5th ed. (California: Mayfield, 2001) 120. 4. Ibid., 328. 5. Ibid., 160. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid., 109. 9. Deborah Tannen. That's Not What I Meant! How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Relationships. (New York: Ballantine, 1987), 74-75. Bibliography Schultz, Emily A., and Robert H. Lavenda. Cultural Anthropology: A Perspective on the Human Condition. 5th ed. California: Mayfield, 2001. Tannen, Deborah. That's Not What I Meant! How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Relationships. New York: Ballantine, 1987. Diversity and the American National Identity Essay -- Exploratory Ess Diversity and the American National Identity Greed is good, get get get, I want what you have, don't touch mine." This is what a friend of mine said when I asked for his conception of the American national identity is.1 Although this statement seems informal and absurd, it accurately reflects the dog-eat-dog world many people believe to be the American capitalist culture.2 Whether my friend said this with the intent of comic relief is inconsequential. Whether he knew it, the informant reflects his cultural identity. Many ambiguities surround the establishment, formation, and retention of a national identity. To what extent can a national identity be individualized? Does every individual, regardless of origin, possess the ability to engage in the national identity? Can an individual abandon his or her "cultural self?"3 Can non-American citizens who reside in America create multi-national identities of their own? Is a national identity predestined, or does an individual exert control over it? There is not one definitive national identity in any society. America is marked by the diversity of both people and ideas. The aim of this paper is not to establish a universal conception of national identity from the basis of history and documented facts. Rather, I am attempting to form a holistic definition of the national identity from my fieldwork with the widest possible variety of college students. Hernando, a native of Sacramento, considers himself a Mexican-American, yet he declares himself to be of indigenously American descent. He states, "If you trace my lineage back, I am actually from the United States. My family came from Texas and California before it was taken over by the United States." Despite Hernando's Mexi... ...ational identity and "a" national identity. "The" is used in the context of the United States and "a" refers to the universal construct. 2. In this discourse, the term "America" refers to the United States. 3. Emily A. Schultz and Robert H. Lavenda. Cultural Anthropology: A Perspective on the Human Condition, 5th ed. (California: Mayfield, 2001) 120. 4. Ibid., 328. 5. Ibid., 160. 6. Ibid. 7. Ibid. 8. Ibid., 109. 9. Deborah Tannen. That's Not What I Meant! How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Relationships. (New York: Ballantine, 1987), 74-75. Bibliography Schultz, Emily A., and Robert H. Lavenda. Cultural Anthropology: A Perspective on the Human Condition. 5th ed. California: Mayfield, 2001. Tannen, Deborah. That's Not What I Meant! How Conversational Style Makes or Breaks Relationships. New York: Ballantine, 1987.

Cosbys Ebonics :: essays research papers

Cosby on Ebonics In 1996, the Oakland School District proposed the inclusion of what is known as "Ebonics" into its curriculum. Ebonics, or Black language, has been referred to in various ways over the years: "African American Vernacular English," "Pan-African Communication Behaviors," "African Language Systems," or "West and Niger-Congo African Language Systems." By any name, Ebonics, when studied over the years, has been proven to be a real language with its own phonology, syntax, morphology, sentence patterns, and double interpretations of words. The pattern that Ebonics speakers in the United States speak is highly similar to the patterns seen in both the Caribbean Creole and the West African languages. No one would have thought that comedian Bill Cosby would have an opinion on this subject, but as I read through essay I realized the logic and validity behind his paper. In his essay Bill Cosby states that, "Ebonics be a complex issue," and it is, also he feels that it should not be taught in schools without studying the problems that could grow from teaching "an urbanized version of the English language." Cosby has a PhD in education, which increases his credibility. Cosby, being a black man, should not affect how his essay is read but it may be an issue to some. His use of humor makes the subject easier to comprehend and the entire piece more interesting. There is always a serious way and a lighter way to address any problem that affects many people and Cosby's choice to use humor makes more sense considering who he is in the public eye. Ebonics is a difficult issue to deal with, and Cosby makes a valid point that it should not be taught in school. Cosby's credibility is not weakened because of his PhD in education if nothing else it is heightened. Being that he has this degree, he is more likely to obtain all the facts before forming a strong opinion on the subject. Having to teach Ebonics to anyone and everyone would be a problem and some people may not want to learn a new version of the language that has been taught for how many years. Cosby’s education creates a feel of an educated person making an educated opinion, not just anyone with a personal opinion. A black man has just as much authority to discuss Ebonics as a white or Asian-American person. Just because Cosby is black does not affect the way Ebonics would be encountered in everyday occurrences.

The Character of the Hero and His Detective Skills in Stories of Sherlo

The Character of the Hero and His Detective Skills in Stories of Sherlock Holmes Sherlock Holmes is a well-known and loved detective who features in sixty-eight of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's famous detective stories. Written in the early 19c and set in London, the adventures of Holmes and his companion Dr Watson (with whom shared a flat with during some of the tales) are ingeniously written. Conan Doyle was born in 1859 in Edinburgh, Scotland; he went to Stonyhurst School and did a degree in medicine at Edinburgh University. He began writing during the time he was in medical practice using it as a way to pass the time he had free during his work. However his writing soon took over from medicine and he became famous for it. Conan Doyle was influenced by Edgar Allan Poe who similarly to Conan Doyle created a detective with odd habits and amazing powers of deduction, which are two of the recognisable characteristics of Sherlock Holmes. In all of his many adventures Holmes uses interesting and unusual detective skills including disguise ('A Scandal In bohemia') (this is the story of a King from Germany who was involved with a woman by the name of Irene Adler she has in her possession a picture of herself and the King which she is planning to reveal before the king planned wedding to a Princess daughter to another king, Holmes plans to retrieve it and return it to the King.) and very good powers of observation ('The Speckled Band') (a story of a family Named Roylott . One of the daughters of Dr. Roylott had suffered from a suspicious death the previous year prior to her forthcoming wedding when she had been found dying by her sister she had given her last words of "it was the band, the Speckled band." Her s... ...ite different as Holmes gets a result from sitting in Dr. Roylotts house all night he sends the snake through the vent just as Holmes had anticipated and prepared for meaning he was ready to attack when it emerged. He swiped at the snake and sent it back into the Dr's room causing it to kill him. This was a positive result for Holmes as he had prevented a young woman from being killed. Personally I prefer different elements in each story. I like the tension and drama that is shown throughout "The Speckled Band" but I like the way also that there is a lot of wit and intelligence in " a Scandal In Bohemia" with people scheming and plotting there is a lot of planning but it does not have the dark qualities of "The Speckled Band". I think these are two very different stories and although they have similar structures the eventual outcome is very different.

Airbus Company Essay

1. Why is Airbus interested in building the A3XX? What are its objectives? Airbus predicts that there would be demand for more than 1500 super jumbos over the next 20 years that would generate sales in excess of $350 billion. And they could sell as many as 750 over jumbos over the next 20 years with a break even on undiscounted cash flow basis with the sales of only 250 planes. There is a huge profit in this business if Airbus succeeds in the industrial launch of A3XX jumbo jets. In addition, Airbus has received over half of the total large aircraft orders for the first time in 1999 thanks to the â€Å"cross crew qualification† feature. Capturing more than half of the very large aircraft (VLA) market with the A3XX would constitute an enormous financial success and would position Airbus as the commercial aviation industry leader. Despite the gains in the market share, Airbus still did not have a product to compete with Boeing’s 747 in the VLA market. Airbus wants to brea k the monopoly of the 747. The A3XX would have more space, be safer, and offer a higher operational margin for the Airlines. And it is especially attractive on longer routes. Once introduced, A3XX would have higher sales than 747. Moreover, Airbus believed it had solved all of the problems due to the large size of the plane and had begun the necessary procedures for regulatory approvals in the United States and elsewhere. Based on its Airbus’s Global Market Forecast (GMF), the company believes Airline would attempt to increase aircraft size when it was no longer feasible to increase flight frequencies. Hence, there is an increasing demand for super jumbos. Airbus predicts the growing economy in Asia like China will contribute greatly to the demand for VLAs in the future. Airbus felt confident in its analysis that capacity increases would eventually prevail. Airbus wants to embrace the same success in the A3XX as 747 had before. 4) The growth in the perpetuity comes from rising prices. Hence, the growth rate equals to the inflation rate. Airbus needs to sell 39 aircrafts annually in order to break even on the investment.The total demand for very large aircraft is 1,235 over the next 20 years (GMF 2000). The annual demand from 2009 to 2019 would be 62. So the breakeven point is much less than the total demands. 3. As Boeing, how would you respond to this situation? How does your answer depend on what you think Airbus is likely to do? Please provide some calculations to support your answers.